Internal-combustion engine.



No. 785,166. PATENTED MAR. 21, 1905. P. A. HASELWANDER.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23, 1901.

Wilma. e; r V I M 71/75).

Jl/omay UNITED STATES Patented March 21, 1905.

PATENT 7 O FICE.

FRIEDRICH AUGUST HASELWANDER, OF 'MANNHEIM, GERMANY.

lurizaun-comausnbu ENGINE.

I SPECIFICATION forming partof Letters Patent No."785,166, dated Harch21, 1905.

Application filed May 23, 1901. Serial No. 61,584.

To all whom it may concern Be itkno'wn'tifiit L'FRiEnRIoH Aueus'rHasnLwANDEm'a' subject of the Emperor. of Ger: many, residing at 1Kaferthalerstrasse, Mannheim, in the German Empire, have invented a newand useful Improved Internal-Combustion Engine, of which the followingis a specification; v

In combustion-engines which only allow the fuel and compressed air tomeet just before the expansion begins an'apparatus, such as an air-pump,is necessary to inject the combustible dispersed in compressed air intothe combustion-chamber with a certain force. The present inventionrenders superfluous such an apparatus (which increases the cost of theengine) by the removal from the combustionchamber during theexplosion-and increase of pressure at the beginning of the precedingworking stroke of the gas required for injection and spraying, which gasmust beunder a pressure exceeding the pressure inthe combustion-chamberat'the end of the compression-stroke. The principle of this new engineand its cycle of operations is illustrated by the examples describedbelow, with reference to the accompanying drawings, ;in

which-- .injection device (I by means of two ports which can be closedby the valves a and b. The valve a is closed by spring or otherpressure, by means of a spring g, for instance, and is adapted to beoperated by the rocking lever h, pivoted on shaft [L8, to the outer armof which lever is connected a rod m, working by means of a roller (1 ona cam u on the crank-shaft y. a is the valve-box for the fuel; (in thiscase liquid;) t, the fuel-valve re-- ceiving liquid fuel by pipe 0; d,an injectionnozzle; 6, a space divided off in the valve-box between thehead of valve 25 and the nozzle ii.

The cycle is as follows: During the suction 1 stroke of the piston kfresh air comes through the automatic oroperated air-inlet valve 8 intothe combustion-chamber 'u and into the interior of the cylinder 2, abovethe piston. I

At the same'time the fuel-valve t is operated by the lever h, mounted on-shaft 5, which -latter is operated by any suitable meanssuch, forinstance, as the means which oper,- ates the valve wand a certainquantlty of fuel flows out of the fuel-supply pipe 0 into the frontspace 71 without, however, coming on of d. The combustible remains in zdurlng the compression'-stroke which follows. Be-

the valve a, which can be controlled by a spring or the likesuch, forinstance, as g,

6O ,1 fore or after the end of the compression-stroke I Fig. 1,is pushedup by meansof the'leve'r la,

operated by cam u and rod m, and the pres-.

sure is equalized between the gas-chamber Z, V

which, for example, was filledwith gas of a pressure of twenty kilogramsper square centimeter, and the combustion -chamber 4), in which theworking air was compressed, for

example, to fifteen kilograms per square centimeter, so that the gasflowing toward '1; rushes with the combustible out of 2 forming spray inthe nozzle dand issuing out of thelatter into '0. The combustion thentakes place either by spontaneous combustion, by-igniting at the hotwalls of the cylinder, or at heat containing walls or blocks 10, or elseby electric or other external ignition. During the combustion anincrease of pressure arises exceeding that of the compression at the endof the compression-stroke, (about twenty kilograms per squarecentimeter, for example,) so that the pressure in '0 is greater thanthat in l, causing combustion-gas to flow throughthe automaticreturn-valve b to Z. The gas-chamber is consequently againcharged forthe next injection. The piston k moves downward in the usual mannerduring the expansion-stroke .and then follows the exhauststroke duringwhich the products of combustion escape through a suitableexhaust-valve.

(Not shown in the drawings.) With the next that shown and they may beoperated by any suitable means. The air-chamberl can also have anysuitable form,-and, if desired, a plurality of any or all of these partsmay be employed, as will be readily understood, without departing fromthe scope of the invention. The connecting-passages of the valves a I)are preferably of such a length and section that the flame of combustioncannot readily pass therethrough. Moreover, it will be obvious thatthe-use of the valve 6 is not essential, as a may serve asa'return-valve, being positively raised by the lever hfor the injection,but being forced up automaticallyby the explosion to admit the gasesunder explosive pressure. The supply of combustible can take place atdifferent times and in several ways. In

some cases it may be supplied under pressurefrom any convenient source,at the moment of the opening of a, for example. The delivery of thecombustible can also-be differently ary ranged], if desired, withoutdeparting from the scope of this invention. The exact structure and theposition of the parts receiving the combustible before its injection,such as thef chamber/, Fig." 1, also depends on the kind of fuel used,and if necessary heating or cooling' devices of known 7 construction maybe employed, as will be understood.-

The new motor can also be used with weak.

mixtures not capable of acting alone by means of the compression. Thenew method of inection then serves to strengthen such mixtnres and tomake them capable of ignition.

The regulation can be effected in any known waye. gijby varying thequantity of fuel when gas is lost from'l, the'latter has another specialpipe 1', which is normally closed, but which can be connected to anysuitable source of air or gas under pressure. The first excess ofpressure in Z can also be attained by ignit- "ing a suitable explosivesubstance therein.

The same principle as described above for a four-stroke motor can alsobe applied without essential alterations in the construction tosix-stroke ortwo-stroke motors. The arrange ment shown in Fig. 1 issuitable for six-stroke cycle-motors. j

In Fig. 2 is illustrated a two-stroke motor according to the new system,showing a sim plified form of the essential parts by way of example. Theletters correspond'to those in Fig. 1 orindicate like parts. The cycleof working isas follows: During the explosionstroke' of the piston 76air was compressed on its under side in the ordinary way in a closedcrank-chamber 2, communicating with channel c. Said air might also besupplied from another suitable source. Just before the-end of the strokethe piston uncovers an exhaustport f, through which the products ofcombustion escape. The air-inlet valve 8 is opened by means of theexcess of pressure of the previously-compressed air or by a mechanicalde-' vice, such astherod m, connected to roller g', which works on 5 acam 20' on the crankshaft y. The valve is normally held closed by asprings. The air flows through the'passage 0 and valve 8 to o and 2above the piston, completely expelling the burned gases. The fuel cockor valve if is also opened and a certain quantity of combustible let infrom 0 is deposited in the trough-2'. 'Said cook or valvet may beOperated from the crank-shaft by the 1 device shown diagrammatically inFig. 2, consisting-ofthe arm 25', link m elbow-lever t rod m and rollerg operated by the cam a on the crank-shaft During the return stroke ofthep'iston the exhaust-port f is cov* ered, the valves is closed, andtheair shut in above the piston k is compressed, while beneath thepiston air is subsequently drawn into the crank-chamber in thisarrangement. J ust before the end of the compression-stroke the pistonpushes on the end of the spindle a of the valve a and opens said valve,so'that gas flows with excess of pressure from the gas-chamber l throughthe passage j, takes the combustible from i with it, and thoroughlysprays it in'the nozzle (Z, which in this example contains baflleprojections a and injects the'spraytoward 41 preferably onto arebounding wall, which in this example is shown made up of'latticelikeplates p. The ignition, combustion, and increase of pressure ensue as inthe other construction, whereby the gas-chamber Z is again charged withhighly-compressed gas entering through (Z, i, passage j, andthe valve a,which latter is slightly open at the change of stroke.

In conclusion it may be mentioned that instead of liquid fuelfinely-divided solid fuel might be used:

What I claim is 1. In an internal-combustion engine the combination withthe cylinder and piston of a small chamber so arranged that it willremain approximately at the temperature of the cylinder during working,a passage connecting said chamber to the cylinderbeyond the farthestpoint reached by the piston during compression, a non-return valve insaid passage, a receptacle in thecombustionrchamber ofthe cylinder,means for feeding the combustible to said receptacle, a passage leadingfrom said chamber to .the receptacle and means whereby the gases at thepressure of an explosion imprisoned in the said chamber fully-compressedair in the combustion-chammay be allowed to pass'out through the latterpassage in order to inject the combustible into the fully-compressedcharge of air in theher by means of the charge retained in said smallchamber. c

3; In an internal-combustion engine the combination with the cylinderand piston of a small chamber so arranged that it will remain duringworking approximately at the temperature of the cylinder, a non-returnvalve adapted to'allowgases at the highest pressure of explosion toenter said chamber from the combustion-chamber and to become imprisonedin the chamber, an outlet-pipe leading from said chamber, means fordelivering the combustible to the front of said outlet-pipe and meansadapted to allow the charge imprisoned in said chamber to pass outthrough said pipe and to inject and spray the combustible into thefully-compressed charge of air in the cylinder.

high.

.4. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination with the cylinder,and piston of a small chamber so arranged that it will remainapproximately at the temperature of the explosionrgases to enter saidcylinder at the highest pressure of explosion, means fordel'ivering thecombustible into the combustion chamber when the pressure therein islow,

and means adapted to allow the charge of ex plosion-gases imprisoned insaid chamber to spray thev combustible into the combustionchamber when5. In an internal-combustion engine, thee combination with the cylinderand piston of the compression thereinis 4, cylinder during working,means for allowing a small chamber so arranged that itwill re.-

main approximately at the temperature of the cylinder during working,means for allowing explosiongases to enter said cylinder at the highestpressureof explosion, means for delivering the combustible into thecombustionchamber when the pressu re therein is low, means adaptedtoallo'w the charge of explosion-gases imprisoned in said chambe r tospray the combustible into the combustion-chamber when the compressiontherein is high, and

- means for igniting ,th'e combustible mixture in thecombustion-chamber. t

. In testimon'ywhereofl have signed my-name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

' FRIEDRICH AUGUST HASELWANDER. Witnessesr- H'. W. HARRIS, CONRADZIMMER.

